How to Find a Matching PSF Template
Suppose we want to model the PSF for the WFC observations
of XMMJ2235 (the galaxy cluster at a redshift of 1.4) and
the image in question is the F775W image taken
at August 16, 2005 (DATASET ID=J9BA51E6Q).
The file name of the flat-fielded image
is j9ba51e6q_flt.fits. We need to py-drizzle the image to correct
for geometric distortion (with the Lanczos3 kernel and an output
pixel scale of 0.05" to match the scheme we used for the PSF library).
The exposure time is 1285 seconds and the image contains numerous
cosmic rays.
In principle, one can median-stack all the images
for the cluster and remove cosmic rays on this file before we proceed
any further.
However, we still have ~10 high S/N stars that are not affected by
cosmic rays. Therefore, we do not attempt to delete cosmic rays
in this example.
Many algorithms exist for detecting objects in astronomical images
(e.g., daofind, imcat, SExtractor, etc.) and we believe that
any of these performs well enough to find high S/N stars.
Useful parameters for selecting such stars include
flux error, FWHM, and ellipticity.
We find 13 stars from the above image that satisfy our conditions
for the "goodness". Their ellipticities are shown below.
The sticks are aligned to the direction of the elongation of the stars and each
stick's length is proportional to its ellipticity.
People whose expertise is not lensing may find the program
quadrupole.pro helpful to compute the ellipticity.
The table below summarizes the above stars' location, quadrupole moments, and their
uncertainties.
ID X Y Q11 Q22 Q12 Q11_err Q22_err Q12_err
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
115 3365.63 3740.99 0.9312 0.8880 -0.0354 0.0264 0.0264 0.0167
155 2948.41 3590.92 1.0847 1.0050 0.0219 0.0044 0.0045 0.0029
219 1831.53 3351.89 0.9144 0.8712 0.0337 0.0037 0.0037 0.0023
469 809.06 2692.92 0.8837 0.9465 0.0210 0.0005 0.0005 0.0003
601 2322.94 2267.02 0.9248 0.9630 0.0774 0.0255 0.0252 0.0161
687 688.21 1912.16 0.8433 0.8695 0.0304 0.0341 0.0337 0.0213
695 1440.27 1865.78 0.8824 0.9423 0.0444 0.0011 0.0010 0.0007
868 3905.48 1235.64 0.9249 0.9928 -0.0060 0.0225 0.0221 0.0142
872 216.58 1219.80 0.8533 0.9334 -0.0289 0.0063 0.0061 0.0039
901 2130.83 1116.11 0.8377 0.9143 0.0006 0.0078 0.0076 0.0049
991 2652.06 806.25 0.9642 0.9464 0.0022 0.0018 0.0018 0.0011
Now with the table above we are ready to search our PSF library for the template that closely
matches the pattern. As stated in the paper, the best matching PSF template
minimizes the following chi^2:
, where Qij and Q'ij are the measurement of the stars
in the above image and the model values at the same location, respectively.
We find that the stellar observation field for NGC104 taken on May 30, 2006
at 23:08:22 UT (shown below) resembles the pattern most closely among the used templates.
Of course, because the template field contains many stars, we can utilize them to
model a PSF for any given object in the j9ba51e6q field.